Below is a set of references pertinent to Response Cost. All refs are again taken from Biblio-Refs (click on "Download" above). Indeed, Biblio-Refs contains many more references on subjects relevant to a variety of punishment tactics, techniques, research, and practice. Logically, then, we suggest you download Win95 Biblio-Refs toute suite: It is an absolutely unique and truly indispensable information management tool for graduate students, researchers, and professors alike. In any event, enjoy the refs and have a fine day!

(P.S.: Please review this and all STEPPE/Hedbring reference lists often; they are in constant flux as new literature is uncovered, recommended, or encountered. We are all in this together, so please be quick and eager to point out errors or additional literature you find compelling. Thank you.)

Definition: Response Cost is a form of contingent punishment. It "refers to a loss of a positive reinforcer." ("With response cost, there is no period during which positive events are unavailable, as is the case with time out from reinforcement. Response cost requires a penalty of some sort..." fine for late income tax filing, penalty for speeding ... but not incarceration for stealing, since that would amount to time out from all naturally occurring available reinforcement. Source: Kazdin, A.E. (1994). Behavior modification in applied settings (5th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Gresham, F.M. (1979). Comparison of response cost and timeout in a special education setting. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13, 199-208.

Hallahan, D.P., Tarver, S.G., Kauffman, J.M., & Graybeal, I.L. (1978). Selective attention abilities of learning disabled children under reinforcement and response cost. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 11, 39-47.

Kazdin, A.E. (1972). Response cost: The removal of conditioned reinforcers for therapeutic change. Behavior Therapy, 3, 533-546.

Little, L.M., & Kelley, M.L. (1989). The efficacy of response cost procedures for reducing children's noncompliance to parental instructions. Behavior Therapy, 20, 525-534.

Rapport, M.D., Murphy, H.A., & Bailey, J.S. (1982). Ritalin versus response cost in the control of hyperactive children: A within-subject comparison. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 15, 205-216.

Weiner, H. (1962). Some effects of response cost upon human operant behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 5, 201-208.

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